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Leffingwell Camp Site
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Sod house at the Leffingwell Camp Site
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| Location: | Flaxman Island, 58 mi. W of Barter Island on Arctic coast of Alaska |
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| Built: | 1906 |
| Governing body: | BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |
| NRHP Reference#: | 71001093 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP: | June 21, 1971[1] |
| Designated NHL: | June 2, 1978[2] |
The Leffingwell Camp Site, located on a barrier island of the Arctic coast of Alaska, was used by polar explorer and geologist Ernest de Koven Leffingwell in the Anglo-American Polar Expedition of 1906–1908, which aimed to explore the Beaufort Sea. The expedition's ship, the Duchess of Bedford, was allowed to become locked in ice which eventually destroyed it.[3]
The camp site was chosen before the ship was locked in ice, and was not merely the nearest landfall. The site was used by Leffingwell over several years, beyond the end of that expedition.
Leffingwell created the first accurate map of a section of Alaskan coastline. He was the first to scientifically describe permafrost and to pose theories about permafrost which have largely proven true. He accurately identified the oil potential of the area, including assessing that it was not, in his day, technologically or economically feasible to develop it.[3]
Following the destruction of the Duchess of Bedford, Leffingwell "returned to civilization in the fall of 1908, as the guest of Capt. George B. Leavitt."[4] Leffingwell subsequently named Narwhal Island for the name of Capt. Leavitt's vessel, the steam New Bedford, Massachusetts-based whaler Narwhal, and bestowed the name of the Maine-born Captain,[5] who married an Inuit woman and settled at Barrow, on Leavitt Island off the Alaska North Slope.[6]
The historic integrity of the camp was diminished in the 1930s when some structure was removed by a salvager.
The camp was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.[2][3]
It is located on Flaxman Island, 58 miles west of Barter Island on the Arctic Coast of Alaska.
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